In the majority gate, three magnetic spin waves mutually interfere. 16–28 For this scheme, magnetic spin waves with identical frequency and wavelength are excited as inputs, mutually interfered, and finally detected. 15 Here, we define the collective motion of a local magnetic moment as the magnetic spin wave, which we distinguish from an electron spin wave defined by the spatial rotation of electron spins.Īmong various logic devices, implementations of majority gates are of particular interest because of the possible realization of Boolean logic using simpler and more compact circuit designs than CMOS gates. 14 Because of well-established nanoscale device fabrication and matured growth techniques used for various magnetic thin films, magnetic spin wave-based logic operation by controlling the amplitude and phase of the wave has been studied intensively. 13 Spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials, such as the collective precessional motion of local magnetic moments, possess a wave nature for which the elementary excitation is the so-called magnon. In ferromagnetic materials, magnetic moments form various spatial structures as a stationary state, consequently leading to the emergence of topological effects and states known as the topological Hall effect, 7,8 chiral domain wall, 9,10 Skyrmion, 11,12 and chiral-spin rotation. Spatial spin textures are expected to play a crucially important role in quantum and topological phenomena and for information carriers. Finally, we show several challenges and provide an outlook on the key steps that must be demonstrated for implementing spin-based wave-parallel computing. Interconversion among light helicity, electron spin waves and magnons is also discussed. Ferromagnet/semiconductor hybrid structures are emphasized as a platform for generating and controlling both electron spin waves and magnons. Then, after explaining the fundamental physics of the electron spin wave based on the persistent spin helix state, we assess the potential of magnon-assisted magnetization switching for realizing the selective writing and reading of multiplexed information. Given this perspective, after introducing the information theory of wave-parallel computing and arguing the fundamental properties necessary for implementation with wave-based information carriers, we specifically examine how electron spin waves and magnons can be used as information carriers for processing and storage. These are useful for communication, processing and storage, and allow multiplexing of the information. In the solid state, wave properties can be found in electron spin waves in semiconductors or magnons in magnetic materials. Waves exhibit unique characteristics, such as diffraction and interference, which distinguishes them from the particle nature of electrons currently used for binary and sequential data processing and storage.
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